Sparks's inbuilt function to train a model takes an RDD of 'implicit preferences' given by users to some products, in the form of (userID (Int), productID (Int), preference (Double)) pairs. Here userID ~ user_id, productID ~ recording_id and preference ~ count as represented by rows in playcounts dataframe.
Playcounts dataframe is loaded from HDFS in 0.01m and is converetd to an RDD and each row is mapped to object of Rating class using
Rating(user_id, recording_id, count)
Playcounts dataframe is of the form:
| user_id | recording_id | count |
|---|
Preprocessing of playcounts dataframe takes 0.00m. Of the preprocessed data, approx. 66% (2,288,108) listens have been used as training data, 17% (571,075) listens have been used as validation data and 17% (571,658) listens have been used as test data. After preprocessing, training phase starts. From the models trained, the best one is selected to generate recommendations.
Of all the trained models, the model with the least RMSE value is choosen to generate recommendations. The model will be referred to as "best model".
Best model parameters are as follows:
| Bestmodel ID | Best model training time(min) | Best model rank | Best model lmbda | Best model iteration | Best model RMSE | Best model RMSE computation time(min) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| listenbrainz-recommendation-model-e4d95bfe-0101-4c3c-8fef-93308a0ba990 | 0.15 | 5 | 0.1 | 5 | 413.77 | 0.29 |
Total time lapsed in data preprocessing and model training: 0.07h
Best Model saved in 0.05m
All the models trained in 0.06h
The following table gives information about all the models trained
| model ID | model training time(min) | rank | lmbda | iterations | RMSE | RMSE computation time(min) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| listenbrainz-recommendation-model-e4d95bfe-0101-4c3c-8fef-93308a0ba990 | 0.15 | 5 | 0.1 | 5 | 413.77 | 0.29 |
| listenbrainz-recommendation-model-3f5b3344-e17f-4d0e-9e37-067b67d51855 | 0.18 | 5 | 0.1 | 10 | 413.77 | 0.29 |
| listenbrainz-recommendation-model-8b317911-97fb-4b5b-aa6e-41b268e988b3 | 0.13 | 5 | 10.0 | 5 | 413.78 | 0.28 |
| listenbrainz-recommendation-model-ff6a1237-0a84-4a5b-a54c-a25bf6e74718 | 0.17 | 5 | 10.0 | 10 | 413.78 | 0.28 |
| listenbrainz-recommendation-model-4bbdc65c-1ab4-43dc-b9fc-f61b27deb870 | 0.15 | 10 | 0.1 | 5 | 413.77 | 0.27 |
| listenbrainz-recommendation-model-17228363-b5b7-45aa-b33c-0097d6ef7184 | 0.20 | 10 | 0.1 | 10 | 413.77 | 0.28 |
| listenbrainz-recommendation-model-84089095-40b1-4386-b03b-fe0ec1800e5a | 0.14 | 10 | 10.0 | 5 | 413.78 | 0.28 |
| listenbrainz-recommendation-model-210d784f-2a91-4e31-94c8-ed4897d02224 | 0.21 | 10 | 10.0 | 10 | 413.77 | 0.29 |
This refers to the number of factors in our ALS model, that is,the number of hidden features in our low-rank approximation matrices. A rank in the range of 10 to 200 is usually reasonable
This parameter controls the regularization of our model.Thus, lambda controls over fitting.
This refers to the number of iterations to run(around 10 is often a good default).
The alpha parameter controls the baseline level of confidence weighting applied.A higher level of alpha tends to make the model more confident about the fact that missing data equates to no preference for the relevant user-item pair.
Value of alpha used is 3.0
The Mean Squared Error (MSE) is a direct measure of the reconstruction error of the user-item rating matrix. It is defined as the sum of the squared errors divided by the number of observations. The squared error, in turn, is the square of the difference between the predicted rating for a given user-item pair and the actual rating.
Ratings are predicted for all the (user_id, recording_id) pairs in validation data, the predicted ratings are then subtracted with actual ratings and RMSE is calculated.
Note: Number of rows in a dataframe or number of elements in an RDD (count information) is not included because it leades to unnecessary computation time.